Protect yourself against future threats.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256 =========================================================================== AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution ESB-2022.5549 kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update 3 November 2022 =========================================================================== AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary --------------------------------- Product: Kernel Publisher: Red Hat Operating System: Red Hat Resolution: Patch/Upgrade CVE Names: CVE-2022-30594 CVE-2022-2585 Original Bulletin: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:7318 Comment: CVSS (Max): 7.8 CVE-2022-2585 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) CVSS Source: Red Hat Calculator: https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.1#CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - --------------------------BEGIN INCLUDED TEXT-------------------- - -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE----- Hash: SHA256 ===================================================================== Red Hat Security Advisory Synopsis: Important: kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update Advisory ID: RHSA-2022:7318-01 Product: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advisory URL: https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2022:7318 Issue date: 2022-11-02 CVE Names: CVE-2022-2585 CVE-2022-30594 ===================================================================== 1. Summary: An update for kernel is now available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) base score, which gives a detailed severity rating, is available for each vulnerability from the CVE link(s) in the References section. 2. Relevant releases/architectures: Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9) - aarch64, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9) - aarch64, noarch, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9) - aarch64, noarch, ppc64le, s390x, x86_64 3. Description: The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any Linux operating system. Security Fix(es): * posix cpu timer use-after-free may lead to local privilege escalation (CVE-2022-2585) * Unprivileged users may use PTRACE_SEIZE to set PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP option (CVE-2022-30594) For more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section. Bug Fix(es): * kernel crash after reboot of T14/G2 AMD laptop (mt7921e module) (BZ#2095653) * execve exit tracepoint not called (BZ#2106661) * Matrox black screen on VGA output on some systems. (BZ#2112017) * The kernel needs to offer a way to reseed the Crypto DRBG and atomically extract random numbers from it (BZ#2121129) * watchdog BUG: soft lockup - CPU#30 stuck for 34s! [swapper/30:0] (BZ#2127857) * Update cifs to 5.16 (BZ#2127858) * Bad page state in process qemu-kvm pfn:68a74600 (BZ#2127859) * vfio zero page mappings fail after 2M instances (BZ#2128791) * The kernel needs to offer a way to reseed the Crypto DRBG and atomically extract random numbers from it (part 2) (BZ#2128970) Enhancement(s): * Need to enable hpilo to support new HPE RL300 Gen11 for ARM (aarch64) (BZ#2129453) 4. Solution: For details on how to apply this update, which includes the changes described in this advisory, refer to: https://access.redhat.com/articles/11258 The system must be rebooted for this update to take effect. 5. Bugs fixed (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/): 2085300 - CVE-2022-30594 kernel: Unprivileged users may use PTRACE_SEIZE to set PTRACE_O_SUSPEND_SECCOMP option 2114874 - CVE-2022-2585 kernel: posix cpu timer use-after-free may lead to local privilege escalation 6. Package List: Red Hat Enterprise Linux AppStream (v. 9): aarch64: bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-headers-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm perf-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm noarch: kernel-doc-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.noarch.rpm ppc64le: bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-headers-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm perf-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm s390x: bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-headers-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-zfcpdump-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-zfcpdump-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm perf-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm x86_64: bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debug-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debug-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-devel-matched-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-headers-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm perf-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS (v. 9): Source: kernel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.src.rpm aarch64: bpftool-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-core-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debug-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debug-core-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debug-modules-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debug-modules-extra-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-modules-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-modules-extra-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-tools-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-tools-libs-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm python3-perf-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm noarch: kernel-abi-stablelists-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.noarch.rpm ppc64le: bpftool-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-core-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debug-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debug-core-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debug-modules-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debug-modules-extra-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-modules-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-modules-extra-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-tools-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-tools-libs-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm python3-perf-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm s390x: bpftool-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-core-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debug-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debug-core-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debug-modules-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debug-modules-extra-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-modules-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-modules-extra-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-tools-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-zfcpdump-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-zfcpdump-core-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-zfcpdump-modules-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-zfcpdump-modules-extra-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm python3-perf-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm x86_64: bpftool-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-core-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debug-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debug-core-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debug-modules-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debug-modules-extra-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-modules-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-modules-extra-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-tools-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-tools-libs-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm python3-perf-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm Red Hat CodeReady Linux Builder (v. 9): aarch64: bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-cross-headers-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-aarch64-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.aarch64.rpm ppc64le: bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-cross-headers-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-ppc64le-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.ppc64le.rpm s390x: bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-cross-headers-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-s390x-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm kernel-zfcpdump-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.s390x.rpm x86_64: bpftool-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-cross-headers-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debug-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-debuginfo-common-x86_64-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-tools-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm kernel-tools-libs-devel-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm python3-perf-debuginfo-5.14.0-70.30.1.el9_0.x86_64.rpm These packages are GPG signed by Red Hat for security. Our key and details on how to verify the signature are available from https://access.redhat.com/security/team/key/ 7. References: https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-2585 https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2022-30594 https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/#important 8. Contact: The Red Hat security contact is <secalert@redhat.com>. More contact details at https://access.redhat.com/security/team/contact/ Copyright 2022 Red Hat, Inc. - -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 iQIVAwUBY2K9RtzjgjWX9erEAQg5dw//ZFjS/ugn0S2QF94xP3PXnxhZgdfOXqrV DLv2UvywBFzf8GTz/0Lkf7zl9SQ7QF+ZPf2MHIYLPxqswTOt9XXJKrhcbh5E+zAt M3FIGkNoPBKxPalPp9lwjSQUU5fpYMSnOkvJIGx8LasUz7NlRuwQrK7k7Qb0tDqc AjXAnvz2bE3G9P1bPbkoYzBYk4J4WYGS8w3GRFzhmqqn32Uex6rF+sH5+YqxYt0P 24FTJDa6ggybzCbYfFNxEmbySP2s/feTAejA0P/AADxKjURj2GCeTzYZBAiAh07Q Ui0wOly0VoFCE1dDiRP0A821mve6WK9OJtVdQGnOwf/XiOxxpZQKDNap8AHXGLiz F9uq7eC6u/ISHosgs5z/cyFW/CshAYQjrEbl3LZ9LGFnbV5ZFU6eOxTUhyNp/x0Z Re9aD/xEJdA/W4YDd4a6Pb7SzEY8N5N/uhFn8MpEmDEcTp6ydxVnFBiHAEhW7bO7 5jeneVnc8qQTetNkSvF5EswMISmy9grZMWX+7wx5YLPRKYSWHv5Y7ZcPan8G3QfP Atiin4WjSDztlDaHR+y69da2T+aGGHIzXu0if/hlanncWI4YT2i7N99ViTqJJStf Xp+r1Jp2xhZYRfrCa5YCn4M8nxyrlaMfQE0IdzTpj8L0A2LTflFAEMC1CedxzWc0 nXkBWQ86WbA= =KfTC - -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- - --------------------------END INCLUDED TEXT-------------------- You have received this e-mail bulletin as a result of your organisation's registration with AusCERT. The mailing list you are subscribed to is maintained within your organisation, so if you do not wish to continue receiving these bulletins you should contact your local IT manager. If you do not know who that is, please send an email to auscert@auscert.org.au and we will forward your request to the appropriate person. NOTE: Third Party Rights This security bulletin is provided as a service to AusCERT's members. As AusCERT did not write the document quoted above, AusCERT has had no control over its content. The decision to follow or act on information or advice contained in this security bulletin is the responsibility of each user or organisation, and should be considered in accordance with your organisation's site policies and procedures. AusCERT takes no responsibility for consequences which may arise from following or acting on information or advice contained in this security bulletin. NOTE: This is only the original release of the security bulletin. It may not be updated when updates to the original are made. If downloading at a later date, it is recommended that the bulletin is retrieved directly from the author's website to ensure that the information is still current. Contact information for the authors of the original document is included in the Security Bulletin above. If you have any questions or need further information, please contact them directly. Previous advisories and external security bulletins can be retrieved from: https://www.auscert.org.au/bulletins/ =========================================================================== Australian Computer Emergency Response Team The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Internet Email: auscert@auscert.org.au Facsimile: (07) 3365 7031 Telephone: (07) 3365 4417 (International: +61 7 3365 4417) AusCERT personnel answer during Queensland business hours which are GMT+10:00 (AEST). On call after hours for member emergencies only. =========================================================================== -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Comment: https://auscert.org.au/gpg-key/ iQIVAwUBY2MO5skNZI30y1K9AQjygw//dFOKNDVRoCI/kNSEw4hkc3UicwGYRsxA 111zbpPymhPt/x7V/C5L3v8PH8UpeTJ0T+lRZz61AjCQISHqRm3YOsrDBAyEQvX6 3Jx3E3gz9Ns+ib6CXeKJ3/ZRBCNGLREUCjPJuhtWr8g6LE0mRCL93w78TGzUMjbM TTr4pG7dHQdjVTBmhcOcO1g+6aWeGT8PS3fqfaqUi7/BQmZnCYWl05d/bWp/VWn0 HN4JTzztor/DcUMa9vGFf1tfdQ88x82/cr3IWbrZA03Z5/o2wuVnR0WDfOKx/VjB cxZtawqDpaXG+J+POlB4SicJdCJZ0fylQ7Cx2LHX+CANeaHtE3KKnvYmQat2Q960 uVCt4JqYX2l3qQgF4WMYqd9WP8GupgLB2JbAtFycJNuqFJNK0CATtKnIa464etQx onjh42JF2bldgQgdMun//1Gdyryt3EXLPAGV2nAwuWC7Pf73J2G8Wk2WwZUYcBY2 wm+mPrM0lbVNqyJKM5FXVzxeeZnhe4vlKYDbkc5eKUzCkDb59gizEtuTFXxtTzCb v7FF002hf62XHg1cDqBr7nqthcywT5BsvhI5dUU6M8FeQgCPdzTFQCf3uM1IhxgJ XC17G8BZM6qLdsTJEZCGe8yWytCerwMk+uG5LO/OxrU8+ZiklOgPqEbJiZpaGimx ghu8/d9mDIQ= =bnVZ -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----