-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA256

===========================================================================
             AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution

                               ESB-2022.3073
  Advisory (icsa-22-174-03) Secheron SEPCOS Control and Protection Relay
                               24 June 2022

===========================================================================

        AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
        ---------------------------------

Product:           Secheron SEPCOS Control and Protection Relay
Publisher:         ICS-CERT
Operating System:  Network Appliance
Resolution:        Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names:         CVE-2022-2105 CVE-2022-2104 CVE-2022-2103
                   CVE-2022-2102 CVE-2022-1668 CVE-2022-1667
                   CVE-2022-1666  

Original Bulletin: 
   https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-22-174-03

Comment: CVSS (Max):  9.9 CVE-2022-2104 (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)
         CVSS Source: ICS-CERT
         Calculator:  https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

- --------------------------BEGIN INCLUDED TEXT--------------------

ICS Advisory (ICSA-22-174-03)

Secheron SEPCOS Control and Protection Relay

Original release date: June 23, 2022

Legal Notice

All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided
"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information
contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service,
referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product
is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more
information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/ .



1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  o CVSS v3 9.9
  o ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
  o Vendor: Secheron
  o Equipment: SEPCOS Control and Protection Relay
  o Vulnerabilities: Improper Enforcement of Behavioral Workflow, Lack of
    Administrator Control over Security, Improper Privilege Management,
    Insufficiently Protected Credentials, Improper Access Control

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to
obtain full, root access over the device in multiple ways. Initial footholds
through S-Web interface software vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to
obtain a level of control over the PLC's functions only the vendor typically
has access to. This includes the ability to reset the PLC, upload arbitrary
files / execute code, and change parameters for protective functions that can
pose a range of availability and safety risks to the power system the PLC is
configured to control (based on the specific implementation). Further
exploitation of the underlying PLC misconfigurations can allow an attacker to
trivially escalate privileges to OS root through either the S-Web
vulnerabilities or FTP and SSH misconfigurations.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following firmware versions of the Secheron SEPCOS Control and Protection
Relay are affected:

  o SEPCOS Single Package firmware (1.23.xx feature level): All versions prior
    to 1.23.21
  o SEPCOS Single Package firmware (1.24.xx feature level): All versions prior
    to 1.24.8
  o SEPCOS Single Package firmware (1.25.xx feature level): All versions prior
    to 1.25.3

3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

3.2.1 IMPROPER ENFORCEMENT OF BEHAVIORAL WORKFLOW CWE-841

Client-side JavaScript controls may be bypassed to change user credentials and
permissions without authentication, including a "root" user level meant only
for the vendor. Web server root level access allows for changing of safety
critical parameters.

CVE-2022-2105 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.4 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/
I:H/A:H ).

3.2.2 IMPROPER ENFORCEMENT OF BEHAVIORAL WORKFLOW CWE-841

Client-side JavaScript controls may be bypassed by directly running a JS
function to reboot the PLC (e.g., from the browser console) or by loading the
corresponding, browser accessible PHP script.

CVE-2022-1667 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.5 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/
I:N/A:H ).

3.2.3 IMPROPER ENFORCEMENT OF BEHAVIORAL WORKFLOW CWE-841

Controls limiting uploads to certain file extensions may be bypassed. This
could allow an attacker to intercept the initial file upload page response and
modify the associated code. This modified code can be forwarded and used by a
script loaded later in the sequence, allowing for arbitrary file upload into a
location where PHP scripts may be executed.

CVE-2022-2102 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.4 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/
I:H/A:H ).

3.2.4 WEAK PASSWORD REQUIREMENTS CWE-521

Weak default root user credentials allow remote attackers to easily obtain OS
superuser privileges over the open TCP port for SSH.

CVE-2022-1668 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.8 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/
I:H/A:H ).

3.2.5 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284

An attacker with weak credentials could access the TCP port via an open FTP
port, allowing an attacker to read sensitive files and write to remotely
executable directories.

CVE-2022-2103 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.8 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/
I:H/A:H ).

3.2.6 IMPROPER PRIVILEGE MANAGEMENT CWE-269

The www-data (Apache web server) account is configured to run sudo with no
password for many commands (including /bin/sh and /bin/bash).

CVE-2022-2104 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.9 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/
I:H/A:H ).

3.2.7 INSUFFICIENTLY PROTECTED CREDENTIALS CWE-522

The default password for the web application's root user (the vendor's private
account) was weak and the MD5 hash was used to crack the password using a
widely available open-source tool.

CVE-2022-1666 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
6.5 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/
I:N/A:N ).

3.3 BACKGROUND

  o CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Multiple
  o COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
  o COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Switzerland

3.4 RESEARCHER

Anthony Candarini of AECOM, Clark Bradley of Elliott Davis, Mike Curnow of
AECOM, and Balakrishna Subramoney of SAM Analytic Solutions reported these
vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Secheron recommends updating its software to the latest version:

  o SEPCOS Single Package firmware (1.23.xx feature level): Update to 1.23.22
    or higher version
  o SEPCOS Single Package firmware (1.24.xx feature level): Update to 1.24.8 or
    higher version
  o SEPCOS Single Package firmware (1.25.xx feature level): Update to 1.25.3 or
    higher version

This version contains updates that resolve the discovered vulnerabilities for
each feature level (SP1.23.xx, SP1.24.xx, and SP1.25.xx).

System integrators and asset owners should contact a Secheron representative 
for further information on how to obtain updates.

Additional workarounds are suggested to help reduce the risk:

  o Configure the network such that PLC communications are strictly limited to
    only the devices required to perform its functions.
  o Limit remote access and close Ports 80 and 443 at the switch level.
  o Only use approved devices to connect to the PLCs. Do not connect personal
    peripherals (USB sticks, hotspots) to approved devices.
  o Check device logs during periodic maintenance for unauthorized changes or
    access.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of
exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:

  o Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
    and ensure they are not accessible from the Internet .
  o Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and
    isolate them from the business network.
  o When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private
    Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be
    updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only
    as secure as its connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices
on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics Several recommended practices are available
for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems
Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies .

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available
on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics in the Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation
Strategies .

Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to CISA for tracking
and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploits specifically target this these vulnerabilities.

For any questions related to this report, please contact the CISA at:

Email: CISAservicedesk@cisa.dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-888-282-0870

CISA continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can help by
choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about this product.

- --------------------------END INCLUDED TEXT--------------------

You have received this e-mail bulletin as a result of your organisation's
registration with AusCERT. The mailing list you are subscribed to is
maintained within your organisation, so if you do not wish to continue
receiving these bulletins you should contact your local IT manager. If
you do not know who that is, please send an email to auscert@auscert.org.au
and we will forward your request to the appropriate person.

NOTE: Third Party Rights
This security bulletin is provided as a service to AusCERT's members.  As
AusCERT did not write the document quoted above, AusCERT has had no control
over its content. The decision to follow or act on information or advice
contained in this security bulletin is the responsibility of each user or
organisation, and should be considered in accordance with your organisation's
site policies and procedures. AusCERT takes no responsibility for consequences
which may arise from following or acting on information or advice contained in
this security bulletin.

NOTE: This is only the original release of the security bulletin.  It may
not be updated when updates to the original are made.  If downloading at
a later date, it is recommended that the bulletin is retrieved directly
from the author's website to ensure that the information is still current.

Contact information for the authors of the original document is included
in the Security Bulletin above.  If you have any questions or need further
information, please contact them directly.

Previous advisories and external security bulletins can be retrieved from:

        https://www.auscert.org.au/bulletins/

===========================================================================
Australian Computer Emergency Response Team
The University of Queensland
Brisbane
Qld 4072

Internet Email: auscert@auscert.org.au
Facsimile:      (07) 3365 7031
Telephone:      (07) 3365 4417 (International: +61 7 3365 4417)
                AusCERT personnel answer during Queensland business hours
                which are GMT+10:00 (AEST).
                On call after hours for member emergencies only.
===========================================================================
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Comment: https://auscert.org.au/gpg-key/
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=0hMh
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----