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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2021.3344
Advisory (icsa-21-280-02) Mobile Industrial Robots Vehicles
and MiR Fleet Software
8 October 2021
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Mobile Industrial Robots Vehicles and MiR Fleet Software
Publisher: ICS-CERT
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Root Compromise -- Existing Account
Denial of Service -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Access Confidential Data -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Reduced Security -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2020-10280 CVE-2020-10279 CVE-2020-10278
CVE-2020-10277 CVE-2020-10276 CVE-2020-10273
CVE-2020-10272 CVE-2020-10271 CVE-2020-10269
CVE-2017-18255 CVE-2017-7184
Reference: ESB-2020.1812
ESB-2019.4608
Original Bulletin:
https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-280-02
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ICS Advisory (ICSA-21-280-02)
Mobile Industrial Robots Vehicles and MiR Fleet Software
Original release date: October 07, 2021
Legal Notice
All information products included in https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics are provided
"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information
contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service,
referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product
is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more
information about TLP, see https://us-cert.cisa.gov/tlp/ .
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
o CVSS v3 9.8
o ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity/public exploits are
available
o Vendor: Mobile Industrial Robots (MiR)
o Equipment: MiR100, MiR200, MiR250, MiR500, MiR1000, MiR Fleet
o Vulnerabilities: Improper Access Control, Integer Overflow or Wraparound,
Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere, Missing Authentication for Critical
Function, Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data, Exposure of Sensitive
Information to an Unauthorized Actor, Weak Encoding for Password, Incorrect
Default Permissions, Failure to Handle Incomplete Element
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could lead to privilege
escalation, data exfiltration, control of the robot, and a denial-of-service
condition.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
MiR reports the vulnerabilities affect the following products:
o MiR100, MiR200, MiR250, MiR500, MiR1000 in MiR Robot Software versions
prior to 2.10.2.1
o MiR Fleet in MiR Fleet Software versions prior to 2.10.2.1
NOTE: the MiR Hook and Shelf Carrier are not affected.
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284
An authenticated local attacker with an account on the MiR robot operating
system can exploit a Linux kernel vulnerability to perform privilege escalation
to root or cause a denial-of-service condition.
CVE-2017-7184 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.2 INTEGER OVERFLOW OR WRAPAROUND CWE-190
A handler in the Linux kernel prior to Version 4.11 allows local users to cause
a denial-of-service condition or other unspecified impact(s) via use of a large
value.
CVE-2017-18255 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.3 EXPOSURE OF RESOURCE TO WRONG SPHERE CWE-668
Two APIs to the Robot Operating System (ROS) used in MiR robots were accessible
from both wired and wireless network interfaces. Using these APIs, an attacker
could take control of the robot, cause a denial-of-service condition, and
exfiltrate data over the web interface.
CVE-2020-10271 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.4 MISSING AUTHENTICATION FOR CRITICAL FUNCTION CWE-306
Robot Operating System (ROS) default packages are used, which expose the
computational graph without any authentication. This could allow an attacker
with access to the internal wireless and wired networks to take control of the
robot.
CVE-2020-10272 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.5 MISSING ENCRYPTION OF SENSITIVE DATA CWE-311
An attacker with physical access to the hard drive, or an attacker with a local
account on the robot operating system could extract sensitive data.
CVE-2020-10273 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
6.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:N/A:N ).
3.2.6 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284
MiR robots shipped before June 2020 had default passwords set for the SICK
safety PLC. An attacker with access to the internal network of the robot could
use the default credentials to manipulate the safety PLC, effectively disabling
the emergency stop function.
CVE-2020-10276 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.7 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284
MiR robots ship with the option to boot from a connected USB drive. The ability
to boot from USB is an insecure default configuration that is changeable by
integrators. Integrators are informed and instructed in writing to evaluate
disabling USB boot. If left enabled, an attacker with physical access to the
robot could abuse this functionality to manipulate or exfiltrate data stored on
the robot's hard drive.
CVE-2020-10277 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
6.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:L/A:H ).
3.2.8 IMPROPER ACCESS CONTROL CWE-284
The lack of a BIOS password is an insecure default configuration, changeable by
integrators. Integrators are informed and instructed in writing to evaluate
BIOS protection.
CVE-2020-10278 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
4.6 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:N/I:H/A:N ).
3.2.9 INCORRECT DEFAULT PERMISSIONS CWE-276
MiR software versions prior to v2.8.3 contain system configurations with
insecure defaults, allowing an authorized local attacker with access to the
robot operating system (ROS) to perform privilege escalation or cause
denial-of-service.
CVE-2020-10279 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.10 FAILURE TO HANDLE INCOMPLETE ELEMENT CWE-239
The Apache server on Port 80 hosting the web interface is vulnerable to a
denial-of-service condition when an attacker spams incomplete HTTP headers,
effectively blocking the access to the dashboard.
CVE-2020-10280 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:N/I:N/A:H ).
3.3 BACKGROUND
o CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing, Healthcare and
Public Health, Transportation Systems
o COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
o COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Denmark
3.4 RESEARCHER
Victor Mayoral Vilches of Alias Robotics reported these vulnerabilities to
CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS
MiR recommends users upgrade affected products to the latest version. New
software versions can be found on the MiR Distributor portal (login required).
For more information, refer to MiR's security advisories page .
MiR instructs customers to explicitly change default credentials upon
configuring the robots, including default SSID and password to the WiFi access
point.
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of
exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:
o Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet .
o Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
o When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be
updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only
as secure as its connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices
on the ICS webpage on us-cert.cisa.gov . Several recommended practices are
available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control
Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies .
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available
on the ICS webpage on us-cert.cisa.gov in the Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation
Strategies .
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to CISA for tracking
and correlation against other incidents.
For any questions related to this report, please contact the CISA at:
Email: CISAservicedesk@cisa.dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-888-282-0870
CISA continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can help by
choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about this product.
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