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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2020.0720
Advisory (icsa-20-056-01) Moxa MB3xxx Series Protocol Gateways
28 February 2020
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Moxa MB3xxx Series Protocol Gateways
Publisher: ICS
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Execute Arbitrary Code/Commands -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Cross-site Request Forgery -- Remote with User Interaction
Administrator Compromise -- Remote with User Interaction
Access Confidential Data -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2019-9104 CVE-2019-9103 CVE-2019-9102
CVE-2019-9101 CVE-2019-9099 CVE-2019-9098
CVE-2019-9097 CVE-2019-9096 CVE-2019-9095
Original Bulletin:
https://www.us-cert.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-20-056-01
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ICS Advisory (ICSA-20-056-01)
Moxa MB3xxx Series Protocol Gateways
Original release date: February 25, 2020
Legal Notice
All information products included in https://us-cert.gov/ics are provided"as
is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information contained
within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service, referenced in
this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product is governed by
the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For more information
about TLP, see https://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/ .
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
o CVSS v3 9.8
o ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low skill level to exploit
o Vendor: Moxa
o Equipment: MB3170 series, MB3180 series, MB3270 series, MB3280 series,
MB3480 series, and MB3660 series
o Vulnerabilities: Stack-based Buffer Overflow, Integer Overflow to Buffer
Overflow, Cross-site Request Forgery, Use of a Broken or Risky
Cryptographic Algorithm, Information Exposure, Cleartext Transmission of
Sensitive Information, Weak Password Requirements, Cleartext Storage of
Sensitive Information, Incorrectly Specified Destination in a Communication
Channel
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could crash the device, cause
a buffer overflow, allow remote execution of arbitrary code, or allow access to
sensitive information.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
Moxa reports these vulnerabilities affects the following protocol gateways:
o MB3170 series firmware, Version 4.0 or lower
o MB3270 series firmware, Version 4.0 or lower
o MB3180 series firmware, Version 2.0 or lower
o MB3280 series firmware, Version 3.0 or lower
o MB3480 series firmware, Version 3.0 or lower
o MB3660 series firmware, Version 2.2 or lower
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 STACK-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-121
Two separate issues cause a buffer overflow in the built-in web server that may
allow a remote attacker to initiate a DoS attack and execute arbitrary code.
CVE-2019-9099 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:N/I:N/A:H ).
3.2.2 INTEGER OVERFLOW TO BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-680
An integer overflow causes unexpected memory allocation that can lead to a
buffer overflow.
CVE-2019-9098 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:N/I:N/A:H ).
3.2.3 CROSS-SITE REQUEST FORGERY CWE-352
A predictable mechanism of generating tokens allows remote attackers to bypass
the cross-site request forgery (CSRF) protection mechanism.
CVE-2019-9102 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.4 USE OF A BROKEN OR RISKY CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHM CWE-327
A weak cryptographic algorithm with predictable variables may allow sensitive
information to be revealed.
CVE-2019-9095 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:N/A:N ).
3.2.5 I NFORMATION EXPOSURE CWE-200
An attacker can access sensitive information and usernames via the built-in web
service without proper authorization
CVE-2019-9103 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:L/I:N/A:N ).
3.2.6 CLEARTEXT TRANSMISSION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-319
Sensitive information is transmitted over some web applications in clear text.
CVE-2019-9101 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (A AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:N/A:N ).
3.2.7 WEAK PASSWORD REQUIREMENTS CWE-521
Weak password requirements may allow an attacker to gain access by using brute
force.
CVE-2019-9096 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:H/I:H/A:H ).
3.2.8 CLEARTEXT STORAGE OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-312
Sensitive information is stored in configuration files without encryption,
which may allow an attacker to access an administrative account.
CVE-2019-9104 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
8.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/
C:H/I:N/A:N ).
3.2.9 INCORRECTLY SPECIFIED DESTINATION IN A COMMUNICATION CHANNEL CWE-941
The web service may become temporarily unavailable if an attacker is able to
overload the system to cause the service to crash.
CVE-2019-9097 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ( AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/
C:N/I:N/A:L ).
3.3 BACKGROUND
o CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing, Energy, Water and
Wastewater Systems
o COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
o COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Taiwan
3.4 RESEARCHER
Ilya Karpov and Evgeniy Druzhinin from Rostelecom-Solar, and Maxim Kozhevnikov
from Positive Technologies reported these vulnerabilities to Moxa.
4. MITIGATIONS
Moxa has developed the following solutions to address the vulnerabilities:
o MB3170 Series: Download the new firmware .
o MB3270 Series: Download the new firmware .
o MB3180 Series: Download the new firmware .
Moxa also recommends users follow below instructions to mitigate
potential risks:
Upgrade to the latest firmware and disable HTTP and Telnet
communications.
Use Moxa utilities (MGate Manager, NPort Administration Suite
Utility) to change device configurations or monitor the device
status remotely.
Use a VPN tunnel for a secure and protected connection between the
devices and host PC.
o MB3280 Series: Download the new firmware .
o MB3480 Series: Download the new firmware .
o MB3660 Series: Download the new firmware .
Please see Moxa's security advisory for more information.
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of
exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:
o Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet .
o Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
o When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should
be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that VPN
is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices
on the ICS webpage on us-cert.gov . Several recommended practices are available
for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems
Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies .
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available
on the ICS webpage on us-cert.gov in the Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation
Strategies .
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to CISA for tracking
and correlation against other incidents.
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves
from social engineering attacks:
o Do not click web links or open unsolicited attachments in email messages.
o Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on
avoiding email scams.
o Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more
information on social engineering attacks.
No known public exploits specifically target these vulnerabilities.
For any questions related to this report, please contact the CISA at:
Email: CISAservicedesk@cisa.dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-888-282-0870
CISA continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can help by
choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about this product.
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