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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2018.2011
Universal Robots announce critical vulnerabilities in their controllers
11 July 2018
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Universal Robots Robot Controllers
Publisher: Universal Robots
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Root Compromise -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Execute Arbitrary Code/Commands -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Mitigation
CVE Names: CVE-2018-10635 CVE-2018-10633
Original Bulletin:
https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-191-01
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Advisory (ICSA-18-191-01)
Universal Robots Robot Controllers
Original release date: July 10, 2018
Legal Notice
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provided "as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland
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product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header.
For more information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/.
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
* CVSS v3 9.8
* ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low skill level to exploit
* Vendor: Universal Robots
* Equipment: Robot Controllers
* Vulnerabilities: Use of Hard-coded Credentials, Missing Authentication for
Critical Function
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow a remote attacker
to run arbitrary code on the device.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following versions of robot controllers are affected:
* CB 3.1, SW Version 3.4.5-100
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 USE OF HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS CWE-798
The application utilizes hard-coded credentials that may allow an attacker to
reset passwords for the controller.
CVE-2018-10633 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
7.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L
/I:L/A:L).
3.2.2 MISSING AUTHENTICATION FOR CRITICAL FUNCTION CWE-306
Ports 30001/TCP to 30003/TCP listen for arbitrary URScript code and execute the
code. This enables a remote attacker who has access to the ports to remotely
execute code that may allow root access to be obtained.
CVE-2018-10635 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of
9.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H
/I:H/A:H).
3.3 BACKGROUND
* CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Critical Manufacturing, Transportation
Systems
* COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
* COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Denmark
3.4 RESEARCHER
Davide Quarta, Mario Polino, Marcello Pogliani, and Stefano Zanero from
Politecnico di Milano as well as Federico Maggi with Trend Micro Inc.?s
Forward-Looking Threat Research Team reported these vulnerabilities to NCCIC.
CVE-2018-10635 was first disclosed by Cesar Cerrudo and Lucas Apa in their
presentation Hacking Robots Before Skynet.
4. MITIGATIONS
Universal Robots recommends the follow remedial actions:
* Only allow trusted users physical access to the robot control box and teach
pendant.
* Do not connect the robot to a network unless it is required by the
application.
* Do not connect the robot directly to the internet. Use a secure network
with proper firewall configuration (Ports 30001/TCP to 30003/TCP must be
restricted).
* Make the private subnet where the robot network interface is exposed as
small as possible.
NCCIC recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of
exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:
* Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet.
* Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
* When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should
be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that VPN
is only as secure as the connected devices.
NCCIC reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
NCCIC also provides a section for control systems security recommended
practices on the ICS-CERT web page. Several recommended practices are available
for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems
Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available
on the ICS-CERT website in the Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation
Strategies.
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to NCCIC for tracking
and correlation against other incidents.
NCCIC also recommends that users take the following measures to protect
themselves from social engineering attacks:
* Do not click web links or open unsolicited attachments in email messages.
* Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on
avoiding email scams.
* Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more
information on social engineering attacks.
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