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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2014.1452
Advisory (ICSA-14-238-01) CG Automation Improper Input Validation
27 August 2014
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway
Publisher: US-CERT
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Denial of Service -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2014-0762 CVE-2014-0761
Original Bulletin:
https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov//advisories/ICSA-14-238-01
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Advisory (ICSA-14-238-01) CG Automation Improper Input Validation
Original release date: August 26, 2014
Legal Notice
All information products included in http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov are provided
"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information
contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service,
referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this product
is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the header. For
more information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/.
OVERVIEW
Researchers Adam Crain of Automatak and Chris Sistrunk of Mandiant have
identified an improper input validation vulnerability in the CG Automation
ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway DNP3 protocol components. CG Automation has
produced an updated software that mitigates this vulnerability. CG Automation
has tested the updated software to validate that it resolves the
vulnerability.
This vulnerability could be exploited remotely.
AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following CG Automation products are affected:
ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway, all versions.
IMPACT
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to
affect the availability of the DNP3 Master Server software.
Impact to individual organizations depends on many factors that are unique to
each organization. NCCIC/ICS-CERT recommends that organizations evaluate the
impact of this vulnerability based on their operational environment,
architecture, and product implementation.
BACKGROUND
CG Automation is a US-based company with other CG offices in several other
countries around the world, including the US, UK, Netherlands, Italy, India,
Germany, France, Czech Republic, China, and Australia.
The affected product, ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway, is a gateway used in
electric utility. According to CG Automation, ePAQ-9410 Substation Gateway is
deployed across the Energy Sector. CG Automation estimates that this product
is used primarily in the United States and Europe with a small percentage in
Asia and South America.
VULNERABILITY CHARACTERIZATION
VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION-IP-BASED [a]
The CG Automation Software DNP3 driver, used in the ePAQ-9410 Substation
Gateway products, does not validate input correctly. An attacker could cause
the software to go into an infinite loop by sending a specifically crafted TCP
packet, causing the process to crash.
The following scoring is for IP-connected devices.
CVE-2014-0761 [b] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 7.1 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C).[c]
IMPROPER INPUT VALIDATION-SERIAL-BASED [d]
The CG Automation Software DNP3 driver, used in the ePAQ-9410 Substation
Gateway products, does not validate input correctly. An attacker could cause
the software to go into an infinite loop, causing the process to crash. The
system must be restarted manually to clear the condition.
The following scoring is for serial-connected devices.
CVE-2014-0762 [e] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 4.7 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C).[f]
VULNERABILITY DETAILS
EXPLOITABILITY
The IP-based vulnerability could be exploited remotely.
The serial-based vulnerability is not remotely exploitable. Local access to
the serial-based outstation is required.
EXISTENCE OF EXPLOIT
No known public exploits specifically target this vulnerability.
DIFFICULTY
An attacker with a moderate skill could craft a TCP packet that would be able
to exploit the vulnerability for an IP-based device.
An attacker with a high skill could exploit the serial-based vulnerability
because physical access to the device or some amount of social engineering is
required.
MITIGATION
CG Automation has fixed this vulnerability with updated software. Users may
obtain the updated software by downloading from this web address:
http://mail.cgautomationusa.com/login.aspx
ICS-CERT encourages asset owners to take additional defensive measures to
protect against this and other cybersecurity risks.
Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet.
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual
Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and
should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that
VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
ICS-CERT also provides a section for control systems security recommended
practices on the ICS-CERT Web page at:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/content/recommended-practices. Several recommended
practices are available for reading and download, including Improving
Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
ICS-CERT reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk
assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly
available in the ICSCERT Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01BTargeted Cyber Intrusion Mitigation Strategies, that is
available for download from the ICS-CERT Web site
(http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/).
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to ICS-CERT for
tracking and correlation against other incidents.
a. CWE-20: Improper Input Validation,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html, web site last accessed August
26, 2014.
b. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2014-0761,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will
be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
c. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C, web
site last accessed August 26, 2014.
d. CWE-20: Improper Input Validation,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/20.html, web site last accessed August
26, 2014.
e. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2014-0762,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE web site report. This web site will
be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
f. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:C, web
site last accessed August 26, 2014.
Contact Information
For any questions related to this report, please contact ICS-CERT at:
Email: ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-877-776-7585
International Callers: (208) 526-0900
For industrial control systems security information and incident reporting:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov
ICS-CERT continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can
help by choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about this
product.
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===========================================================================
Australian Computer Emergency Response Team
The University of Queensland
Brisbane
Qld 4072
Internet Email: auscert@auscert.org.au
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