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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2014.1238
Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven X EV-DO Vulnerabilities (Update B)
25 July 2014
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven X EV-DO
Publisher: ICS-CERT
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Unauthorised Access -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Alternate Program
CVE Names: CVE-2013-2820 CVE-2013-2819
Original Bulletin:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov//advisories/ICSA-14-007-01B
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Advisory (ICSA-14-007-01B)
Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven X EV-DO Vulnerabilities (Update B)
Original release date: July 23, 2014
All information products included in http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov are provided
"as is" for informational purposes only. The Department of Homeland Security
(DHS) does not provide any warranties of any kind regarding any information
contained within. DHS does not endorse any commercial product or service,
referenced in this product or otherwise. Further dissemination of this
product is governed by the Traffic Light Protocol (TLP) marking in the
header. For more information about TLP, see http://www.us-cert.gov/tlp/.
OVERVIEW
This updated advisory is a follow-up to the advisory titled ICSA-14-007-01A
Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven X EV-DO Multiple Vulnerabilities that was
published January 16, 2014, on the NCCIC/ICS-CERT web site.
A researcher at Cimation has identified multiple vulnerabilities in the
Sierra Wireless AirLink Raven X EV-DO application. Sierra Wireless has
discontinued the AirLink Raven X EV-DO and recommends that customers use
GX400, GX440, or LS300 as replacements that mitigate these vulnerabilities.
These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely.
AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Sierra Wireless versions are affected:
AirLink Raven X EV-DO Versions V4221_4.0.11.003 and V4228_4.0.11.003
IMPACT
These vulnerabilities allow an attacker to remotely reprogram the firmware
on the device. After reprogramming the firmware, an attacker can affect
functionality of the application, including system shutdown.
Impact to individual organizations depends on many factors that are unique
to each organization. ICS-CERT recommends that organizations evaluate the
impact of these vulnerabilities based on their operational environment,
architecture, and product implementation.
BACKGROUND
Sierra Wireless is a Canadian company that maintains offices in several
countries around the world, including the United States, France, and China.
The affected product, AirLink Raven X EV-DO, is a gateway that provides
connectivity to industrial, enterprise, and transportation organizations
around the world. According to Sierra Wireless, AirLink Raven X EV-DO is
deployed across the energy and transportation systems sectors. Sierra
Wireless estimates that these products are used primarily in Canada,
the United States, and Europe.
VULNERABILITY CHARACTERIZATION
VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
MISSING ENCRYPTION OF SENSITIVE DATA[a]
The AirLink Raven X EV-DO does not use encryption in the update and
reprogramming process. By using the passwords and user names that are stored
in plain text, an attacker could reprogram the firmware. This could allow
the attacker to affect the availability of the firmware.
CVE-2013-2819[b] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS
v2 base score of 9.3 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C).[c]
AUTHENTICATION BYPASS BY CAPTURE-REPLAY[d]
The AirLink Raven X EV-DO is vulnerable to replay attacks that bypass
authentication. By sending a series of crafted packets to Port 17336/UDP and
Port 17388/UDP, an attacker could reprogram the device's firmware image. This
could allow the attacker to affect the availability of the firmware.
CVE-2013-2820[e] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS
v2 base score of 10.0 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C).[f]
VULNERABILITY DETAILS
EXPLOITABILITY
These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely.
EXISTENCE OF EXPLOIT
No known public exploits specifically target these vulnerabilities.
DIFFICULTY
An attacker with a low skill would be able to exploit these vulnerabilities.
MITIGATION
- --------- Begin Update B Part 1 of 1 --------
Sierra Wireless has discontinued, but still supports the AirLink Raven X
EV-DO product, and has provided mitigation suggestions in the following
AirLink Raven Security Vulnerability report, dated May 28, 2014. This
AirLink Product Notice may be downloaded directly at:
http://www.sierrawireless.com/Support/Downloads/AirLink/Raven_Series/AirLink_Raven_X_EV-DO.aspx
- --------- End Update B Part 1 of 1 ----------
Additional information and downloads can be found at:
http://www.sierrawireless.com/Support.aspx
ICS-CERT encourages asset owners to take additional defensive measures to
protect against this and other cybersecurity risks.
Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems,
and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet.
Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls,
and isolate them from the business network.
When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual
Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities
and should be updated to the most current version available. Also
recognize that VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
ICS-CERT also provides a section for control systems
security recommended practices on the ICS-CERT web page at:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/content/recommended-practices. Several
recommended practices are available for reading and download, including
Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth
Strategies. ICS-CERT reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis
and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are
publicly available in the ICS-CERT Technical Information Paper,
ICS-TIP-12-146-01B-Targeted Cyber Intrusion Mitigation Strategies,
that is available for download from the ICS-CERT web site
(http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/).
Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their
established internal procedures and report their findings to ICS-CERT for
tracking and correlation against other incidents.
a. CWE-311: Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/311.html, web site last accessed
January 14, 2014.
b. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2013-2819,
web site last accessed January 14, 2014.
c. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C,
web site last accessed January 14, 2014.
d. CWE-294: Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/294.html, web site last accessed
January 14, 2014.
e. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2013-2820,
web site last accessed January 14, 2014.
f. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C,
web site last accessed January 14, 2014.
Contact Information
For any questions related to this report, please contact ICS-CERT at:
Email: ics-cert@hq.dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-877-776-7585
International Callers: (208) 526-0900
For industrial control systems security information and incident reporting:
http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov
ICS-CERT continuously strives to improve its products and services. You
can help by choosing one of the links below to provide feedback about
this product.
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