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AUSCERT External Security Bulletin Redistribution
ESB-2012.1025
ICSA-12-297-02 KORENIX JETPORT 5600 SERIES HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS
24 October 2012
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AusCERT Security Bulletin Summary
---------------------------------
Product: Korenix JetPort 5600
Publisher: US-CERT
Operating System: Network Appliance
Impact/Access: Root Compromise -- Remote/Unauthenticated
Resolution: Patch/Upgrade
CVE Names: CVE-2012-4577
Original Bulletin:
http://www.us-cert.gov/control_systems/pdf/ICSA-12-297-02.pdf
Comment: This vulnerability can be remotely exploited without authentication
and exploits are publicly available.
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ICS-CERT ADVISORY
ICSA-12-297-02 KORENIX JETPORT 5600 SERIES HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS
October 23, 2012
OVERVIEW
This advisory provides mitigation details for a vulnerability that impacts the
Korenix JetPort 5600.
Independent researcher Reid Wightman of Digital Bond identified undocumented
hard-coded root credentials [a] in the firmware of the Korenix JetPort 5600
system application without coordination with ICS-CERT, the vendor, or any other
coordinating entity known to ICS-CERT.
The Korenix JetPort is an industrial serial device server to control multiple
serial devices over Ethernet. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability
would allow attackers to exploit the product by using the hard-coded
credential to log into the device with administrative privileges and gain
access to the attached serial devices. Korenix has produced an upgraded
firmware version that removes the accounts. This product is used worldwide,
primarily in the communications and information technology sectors.
This vulnerability could be exploited remotely. Exploits that target this
vulnerability are known to be publicly available.
AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Korenix products are affected:
* JetPort 5600, all versions.
IMPACT
Once access is gained, the attacker can read and write to the file system and
reconfigure the device. Attackers may also have access to other serial devices
that are attached to this product.
Impact to individual organizations depends on many factors that are unique to
each organization. ICS-CERT recommends that organizations evaluate the impact of
this vulnerability based on their operational environment, architecture, and
product implementation.
BACKGROUND
Korenix is a company based in Taiwan that was acquired by Beijer Electronics in
2010. Korenix maintains offices in several countries around the world, including
the US, China, and Spain.
The JetPort 5600 series is a 4-port redundant serial device server that provides
users with four serial interfaces. The device can control up to four serial
devices over the Ethernet. Users can configure the device over HTTPS/SSH or by
using the Korenix JetPort Commander software.
The affected products are industrial serial device servers used for SCADA
systems. According to Korenix, [b] they are deployed across several sectors
including the communications (50%) and information technology (50%) sectors.
Korenix estimates that these products are used worldwide, but the deployment
depth is currently unknown.
VULNERABILITY CHARACTERIZATION
VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
USE OF HARD-CODED CREDENTIALS [c]
An attacker can log into the device using the hard-coded credentials that grant
administrative access. Administrative credentials allow users to change device
settings and read and write to the file system. This could result in a loss of
confidentiality, integrity, or availability.
CVE-2012-4577 [d] has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v2 base score
of 10.0 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is
(AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C). [e]
VULNERABILITY DETAILS
EXPLOITABILITY
This vulnerability could be exploited remotely
EXISTENCE OF EXPLOIT
Exploits that target this vulnerability are publicly available.
DIFFICULTY
An attacker with a low skill would be able to exploit this vulnerability.
MITIGATION
Korenix has developed an upgraded version of firmware (v2.01) for the affected
products. The upgraded firmware removes the root and guest accounts. The current
version of OpenSSL (v0.9.8b) was also removed. The v2.01 firmware cannot be
downgraded to v1.X.2 once upgraded.
The Windows-based JetPort configuration tool, JetPort Commander, has also been
upgraded to v3.0. The firmware upgrade can be downloaded from the Korenix
software update Web site. [f]
ICS-CERT encourages asset owners to take additional defensive measures to
protect against this and other cybersecurity risks.
* Minimize network exposure for all control system devices. Critical devices
should not directly face the Internet.
* Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and
isolate them from the business network.
* When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private
Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPN is only as secure as the connected
devices.
ICS-CERT also provides a section for control systems security recommended
practices on the US-CERT Web page. Several recommended practices are available
for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems
Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies. [g] ICS-CERT reminds
organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to
taking defensive measures.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available
in the ICS-CERT Technical Information Paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01A - Cyber
Intrusion Mitigation Strategies, [h] that is available for download from the
ICS-CERT Web page (www.ics-cert.org). Organizations observing any suspected
malicious activity should follow their established internal procedures and
report their findings to ICS-CERT for tracking and correlation against other
incidents.
In addition, ICS-CERT recommends that users take the following measures to
protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
1. Do not click Web links or open unsolicited attachments in email messages.
2. Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams [i] for more information on
avoiding email scams.
3. Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks [j] for more
information on social engineering attacks.
ICS-CERT CONTACT
For any questions related to this report, please contact ICS-CERT at:
Email: ics-cert@dhs.gov
Toll Free: 1-877-776-7585
For industrial control systems security information and incident reporting:
www.ics-cert.org
ICS-CERT continuously strives to improve its products and services. You can help
by answering a short series of questions about this product at the following
URL: https://forms.uscert.gov/ncsd-feedback/.
DOCUMENT FAQ
What is an ICS-CERT Advisory? An ICS-CERT Advisory is intended to provide
awareness or solicit feedback from critical infrastructure owners and operators
concerning ongoing cyber events or activity with the potential to impact
critical infrastructure computing networks.
When is vulnerability attribution provided to researchers? Attribution for
vulnerability discovery is always provided to the vulnerability reporter unless
the reporter notifies ICS-CERT that they wish to remain anonymous. ICS-CERT
encourages researchers to coordinate vulnerability details before public
release. The public release of vulnerability details prior to the development of
proper mitigations may put industrial control systems and the public at
avoidable risk.
REFERENCES
a. Korenix and ORing Use Crypto,
http://www.digitalbond.com/2012/06/13/korenix-and-oring-insecurity/,
Web site last accessed October 23, 2012.
b. Korenix,
http://www.korenix.com,
Web site last accessed October 23, 2012.
c. CWE,
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/259.html,
CWE-259: Use of Hard-coded Password,
Web site last accessed October 23, 2012.
d. NVD,
http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2012-4577,
NIST uses this advisory to create the CVE Web site report.
This Web site will be active sometime after publication of this advisory.
e. CVSS Calculator,
http://nvd.nist.gov/cvss.cfm?version=2&vector=(AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C),
Web site last accessed October 23, 2012.
f. Korenix JetPort Software Download,
http://www.korenix.com/jetport-5201-firmware.htm,
Web site last accessed October 23, 2012.
g. CSSP Recommended Practices,
http://www.us-cert.gov/control_systems/practices/Recommended_Practices.html,
Web site last accessed October 23, 2012.
h. Cyber Intrusion Mitigation Strategies,
http://www.us-cert.gov/control_systems/pdf/ICS-TIP-12-146-01A.pdf,
Web site last accessed October 23, 2012.
i. Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams,
http://www.us-cert.gov/reading_room/emailscams_0905.pdf,
Web site last accessed October 23, 2012.
j. National Cyber Alert System Cyber Security Tip ST04-014,
http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/tips/ST04-014.html,
Web site last accessed October 23, 2012.
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The University of Queensland
Brisbane
Qld 4072
Internet Email: auscert@auscert.org.au
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